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Tendances du mois


Un aperçu de la recherche en Normandie

  • Color-blind laws meet code: in health AI, banning race/ethnicity data can quietly bake inequity into devices and models. That’s the wake-up call from Thomas Morgenroth and colleagues at Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Traitement de l'Information et des Systèmes LITIS UR and LITIS EA, who argue France must enable race-conscious safeguards across the full AI life cycle to ensure safer, fairer care and global competitiveness.
  • Big time-series models are booming, but a quiet lever—normalization—can make or break them. Samy‑Melwan Vilhes at LITIS UR shows that in efficient causal Transformers, your normalization choice can leak future info or stall training; picking the right causal stats speeds convergence and boosts forecasts.
  • When data are scarce and physics is stubborn, blend them. Sidney Besnard at GREYC introduces SimpINNs—simulation‑driven, physics‑informed neural nets for tough inverse problems—showing how injecting high‑fidelity simulators into PINNs improves stability and accuracy on nonlinear tasks.
  • Not all interventions are islands: some treatments behave alike for specific subgroups. Nicolas Voisine at GREYC groups locally similar treatments to sharpen multi‑treatment uplift modeling, yielding better, more sample‑efficient recommendations—useful from clinical decision support to policy A/B/C testing.

  • Try before the tide: an extended‑reality model in Guissény lets residents and officials dial IPCC scenarios, jump from 2024 to 2100, and measure water levels in AR/VR. The team led by Pierre Mahieux at Littoral, environnement, télédétection, géomatique (LETG) UR turns abstract sea‑level rise into walkable, sharable evidence.
  • Drought isn’t theoretical in cities either. Using Sentinel‑2 time series, Karine Adeline and coauthors at LETG UR show how heat and urban form stretch growing seasons, shift productivity, and spike stress signals in five common tree species—actionable intel for heat‑resilient streetscapes.
  • Butterflies tell a regional truth: across Brittany, landscape anthropization steadily lowers taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity—with few happy exceptions. Régis Morel at LETG UR finds diversity declines linearly with urbanization, underscoring that matrix quality (not just habitat patches) shapes community health.
  • In Svalbard, GNSS time series reveal millimeter‑by‑millimeter uplift as ice loss unloads the crust. Eric Bernard and colleagues at LETG UR connect deformation, glacier mass balance, and sediment dynamics—showing how geodesy stitches local processes into a pan‑Arctic climate signal.
  • And behind the sensors, better data habits matter. Didier Mallarino at Espaces et sociétés (ESO) UR calls for FAIR, open data with a lighter digital footprint—because reproducible climate science shouldn’t push us past planetary boundaries.

  • Heavy‑metal clean‑up, optimized at the nanoscale: a PVDF polymer‑inclusion membrane spiked with native vs. organo‑modified montmorillonite changes wetting, stiffness, and porosity—and the Cr(VI) flux. Kateryna Fatyeyeva at INC3M and PBS shows sodium‑montmorillonite creates more porous, robust PIMs that sustain higher chromium removal and longer life.
  • Swap pricey liquid plasticizers for a smarter copolymer: PVC/EVA PIMs (with water‑plasticization in mind) deliver higher Cr(VI) transport and tougher stability—up to 24 reuse cycles. That’s the result from Ferhat Sellami at INC3M and PBS, who tuned EVA content to stiffen membranes yet keep ions moving.
  • Make plastics that play nice with compost. Mixing orange peel or brewer’s spent grain into PLA/PBS/PBAT accelerates home composting—PBS/OP hits ~82% mineralization and remains plant‑safe. Feriel Bacoup and Stéphane Marais at INC3M and PBS pinpoint matrix–filler interactions as the biodegradation throttle.
  • Reactive ionic liquids inside PVA films act as molecular cross‑trainers: stronger, more thermally stable, yet selectively swell in water. Joanna Kujawa, Kateryna Fatyeyeva, and Stephane Marais at INC3M and PBS outline how imidazolium RILs reshape mechanics and sorption—handy for separations and smart packaging.
  • And because water rules polymers: Kateryna Fatyeyeva and Stéphane Marais at INC3M and PBS unpack how thermoset resins take up water and age hydrolytically—guidance to prevent silent performance drift in composites exposed to humid, harsh service.

  • Ports, not just ships, now steer the story. A semi‑systematic review by Ronan Kerbiriou at IDEES and IRIHS charts a research pivot since 2014: governance, hinterland ties, network connectivity, environmental pressure, and risk/security increasingly define maritime geographies and policy agendas.
  • Politics redraws sea maps: AIS vessel flows (2021–2024) show Russia’s export corridors pivoting toward the Asia‑Pacific and the Arctic, while Baltic and Black Sea nodes lose connectivity. The team led by Yann Alix at IDEES and IRIHS captures a post‑Soviet re‑orientation visible from space.
  • On shore, Brexit’s bite proved uneven: Catherine Laidin at ESO UR finds fishermen felt sidelined in top‑down talks; other value‑chain actors weathered shocks via representation and resilience. The lesson—local capacities matter, but national/EU negotiations set the frame.

  • How many advanced liver‑cancer patients may truly be cured by modern immunotherapy? Using mixture‑cure models, Olivier Rosmorduc and collaborators at Mobilités : Vieillissement, Pathologie, Santé COMETE UR estimate ~10–15% long‑term survivors and ~7–9% cure fractions under checkpoint regimens—realistic benchmarks for trials and counseling.
  • Risk‑stratifying Hodgkin lymphoma in young people is getting a liquid boost. In a 275‑patient French study, Bénédicte Jonca and team at Cancer and Brain Genomics (CBG) and Génomique et médecine personnalisée du cancer et des maladies neuropsychiatriques (GPMCND) show baseline ctDNA mutations (e.g., TP53, XPO1, IGLL5) and minimal residual ctDNA after two cycles predict relapse—fuel for adaptive therapy.
  • Malaria remains slippery: in Laos, artemether‑lumefantrine still works, but Jeremy Salvador (with CBG, ESCAPE, and IRIB) reports clinical failures linked to pfkelch13 R539T/C580Y and a parasite with low lumefantrine susceptibility. Vigilance and new molecular markers for LM resistance are now urgent priorities.
    • Les termes à retenir
    Ce nuage de mots-clés représente un échantillon des termes, les plus récents et les plus fréquents au global, associés aux publications normandes, reflétant les thématiques et tendances du moment.
    Ce nuage de mots-clés représente un échantillon des termes, les plus récents et les plus fréquents au global, associés aux publications normandes, reflétant les thématiques et tendances du moment.